手術(shù)室無菌設(shè)計涉及建筑和裝飾各個方面，如室內(nèi)裝修要求，滅菌方法，設(shè)施的自動控制等。下面手術(shù)室設(shè)計廠家來講講手術(shù)室的無菌設(shè)計以及可維修原則相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

手術(shù)室的無菌設(shè)計

Aseptic design of operating room

潔凈手術(shù)室的建設(shè)和使用是非常昂貴的，每簡潔凈手術(shù)室都要采用獨立設(shè)置的凈化空調(diào)機組，凈化系統(tǒng)至少設(shè)有三級空氣過濾，天花板集中送風滿布率大于0.75，換氣次數(shù)20~36次/小時，對100級層流手術(shù)室工作面均勻風速要達到(0.25-0.35)m／s，很小新風量60m3／h·人，以及噪聲、壓力、溫度和濕度的要求等等，這一切全都依靠巨大的電力消耗來支撐。

The construction and use of the clean operating room is very expensive. Each clean operating room shall be equipped with an independent purification air-conditioning unit. The purification system shall be equipped with at least three levels of air filtration. The full distribution rate of centralized air supply from the ceiling shall be greater than 0.75, and the ventilation rate shall be 20-36 times / hour. The uniform wind speed of the working face of the 100 level laminar flow operating room shall reach (0.25-0.35) m / s, the small fresh air volume shall be 60m3 / h · person, and the requirements of noise, pressure, temperature and humidity, etc, All this is supported by huge power consumption.

潔凈程度越高，其建造本錢、運行用度和能耗也越多。因此，潔凈手術(shù)室的建設(shè)要充分考慮到運行經(jīng)濟性和臨床有效性，是否需要建設(shè)高潔凈度的控制空間，如單向?qū)恿鳚崈羰中g(shù)室要全面慎重地進行論證。

The higher the degree of cleanliness, the more the construction cost, operation cost and energy consumption. Therefore, the construction of clean operating room should fully consider the operation economy and clinical effectiveness. Whether it is necessary to build a control space with high cleanliness, such as one-way laminar flow clean operating room, should be comprehensively and prudently demonstrated.

應當熟悉到，引發(fā)感染的途徑多種多樣，主要是接觸途徑，并非空氣途徑?？諝鈨艋胧┲粚︻A防患者感染具有潛伏上風，并不能保證患者盡對不受感染。往往區(qū)域無菌程度越高、治理越嚴的手術(shù)室，病人通過直接接觸感染或醫(yī)生無菌操縱不當而引起感染的可能性越大。因此加強綜合無菌控制和治理，制定全過程、全方位的保障措施，也是無菌手術(shù)室建設(shè)的重要工作。

It should be recognized that there are many ways to cause infection, mainly through contact, not through air. Air purification measures only have a latent advantage in preventing patients from infection, and can not guarantee that patients will not be infected. In the operating room with higher aseptic degree and stricter management, the patients are more likely to be infected through direct contact or improper aseptic manipulation by doctors. Therefore, it is also an important work for the construction of aseptic operating room to strengthen the comprehensive aseptic control and management and formulate the whole process and all-round guarantee measures.

可維修原則

Maintainability principle

高級潔凈手術(shù)室在應用中，不可避免地面臨設(shè)施維護及升級，醫(yī)療設(shè)備安裝等各種施工工程，如何對施工手術(shù)室進行有效隔離，從而不影響其他房間工作，也是手術(shù)部分設(shè)計須考慮的題目。老式設(shè)計的手術(shù)室只要有一間手術(shù)室需要施工，就破壞了整個無菌系統(tǒng)，造成整個手術(shù)部分都不能開展工作。

In the application of advanced clean operating room, it is inevitable to face various construction projects such as facility maintenance and upgrading, medical equipment installation, etc. How to effectively isolate the construction operating room so as not to affect the work of other rooms is also a subject to be considered in the design of the operation part. In the old-fashioned operating room, as long as one operating room needs to be constructed, the entire aseptic system will be destroyed and the entire operating part will not be able to work.

如何從設(shè)計上保證今后使用中的可維修性也是手術(shù)室設(shè)計是否成功的重要因素，新潔凈手術(shù)室的建設(shè)應盡量采用新型墻體和裝飾建材，既減少墻體占用面積，又便于風道和各種水、電、氣管路以及放射防護的安裝與施工，今后維護和修理也可減少施工粉塵和垃圾，進步工作效率，降低對臨床工作的干擾和影響。

How to ensure the maintainability in the future is also an important factor for the success of the design of the operating room. The construction of the new clean operating room should try to use new wall and decorative building materials, which can not only reduce the occupied area of the wall, but also facilitate the installation and construction of air ducts, various water, electricity, gas pipelines and radiation protection. The maintenance and repair in the future can also reduce construction dust and garbage, improve work efficiency, Reduce the interference and impact on clinical work.

對于安裝布置眾多送、回風管道和各種水、氣、電及通訊管線非常有利，同時也便于安置各級潔凈間獨立或共用的設(shè)備機組，在手術(shù)層面不用預留相當面積的機房等，進步手術(shù)室面積使用效率，縮短流線長度。其減少手術(shù)室吊頂內(nèi)施工的復雜性，大部分設(shè)備維護工作可以在夾層中進行，從而減少對手術(shù)室工作的影響。

It is very advantageous for the installation and arrangement of many air supply and return pipes and various water, gas, electricity and communication pipelines, and it is also convenient for the placement of independent or common equipment units in clean rooms at all levels. It is not necessary to reserve a considerable area of machine room at the operating level, so as to improve the area utilization efficiency of the operating room and shorten the streamline length. It reduces the complexity of construction in the ceiling of the operating room, and most of the equipment maintenance can be carried out in the interlayer, thus reducing the impact on the work of the operating room.